Feltáró szakirodalmi áttekintés a mesterséges intelligencia oktatási használatáról
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56665/PADIPE.2023.1.1Kulcsszavak:
mesterséges intelligencia, technológia integráció, szakirodalmi elemzés, kihívások, neveléstudományAbsztrakt
A mesterséges intelligencia (MI) az oktatásban nem újkeletű téma, azonban a közelmúlt eseményei és annak médiavisszhangja az előtérbe helyezte a generatív, nagy nyelvi modelleken alapuló MI eszközök (pl. az OpenAI által fejlesztett ChatGPT) lehetőségeit. Vélhetőleg ezeket a hatásokat rövidtávon túl-, hosszútávon azonban általában alábecsüljük. Az viszont kétségtelen, hogy a neveléstudományi kutatások, valamint a pedagógiai praxis szempontjából
nem maradhat reflektálatlanul a terület. Friss kutatások is rámutattak arra, hogy az MI oktatási felhasználására irányuló kutatásokban kevésbé jelennek meg kritikai szempontok a pedagógiai kihívásokra, gyenge a kapcsolódás a tanuláselméleti megfontolásokhoz és kevés tudás áll rendelkezésünkre a pedagógiai felhasználhatóságukról is. Jelen
tanulmány ezen hiányosságokra reflektál neveléstudományi szempontból. A felvetett problémához kötődően először
áttekintjük azokat a téma megértése szempontjából fontos alapvető fogalmakat, amelyek a mesterséges intelligencia
területéhez kapcsolódnak. Áttekintjük az MI megjelenését a neveléstudomány területén: hogyan jelenik meg a téma
a neveléstudományi diskurzusban, illetve a pedagógiai gyakorlat szempontjából hogyan hasznosíthatók a különböző
MI megoldások. A feltárt helyzetkép alapján bemutatjuk az MI pedagógiai gyakorlatban való implementációjának
kihívásait, elsősorban az oktatók kompetenciáihoz kapcsolódóan (MI műveltség), illetve a lehetőségek nyomán átalakuló szerepekhez kötődően. A tanulmány összegzéseként a lehetőségeket ellensúlyozandó, áttekintjük a legfontosabb kihívásokat, dilemmákat, majd erre építve megfogalmazzuk azokat az alapvető, előremutató feladatokat, amelyeket a különböző érintetteknek (szakpolitika, tudományos és gyakorlatközösség) a szakirodalmi áttekintés alapján
megfogalmazhatunk. Szakirodalmi áttekintésünk célja, hogy pozícionálja a neveléstudományi diskurzusban a témát
és elősegítse a továbblépéshez szükséges interdiszciplináris együttműködések megalapozását.
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